Immersing yourself in the Moroccan culture means understanding the merge of its history with the modern development and how they complete each other harmoniously. A diverse fusion of Arab, European, Berber, and African cultures, the Kingdom of Morocco, or Al-Maghreb, with its Mediterranean and Atlantic coastlines, formed for long a crossroad between the African and European continents. Marrakech, a city in southern Morocco, was founded by the Almoravids in the mid-11th century, led by Yusu Ibn Tashfin, who was one of the major leaders and promoters of an Islamic system in the region of Marrakech and Muslim Spain. The Almohad Empire rebelled against the Almoravids and the city fell to the former in 1147. During this time Marrakech served as the primary capital of the Kingdom of Morocco. In the year 1247, the Marinid dynasty overthrew the Almohads, and in 1269, they captured Marrakech and later extended their control of trade in the Strait of Gibraltar. It is during this period that Marrakech became the regional capital of the south. The Marinids founded the north African city of Fez in 1276 and from then on, the city flourished as an important centre for intellectuals and international trade. In 1525, Marrakech was captured by the Saadian dynasty, and they established their capital in Marrakech. Between the mid-16th and mid-17th centuries, Marrakech reached its peak glory and grandeur. The Saadian dynasty declined later and a new dynasty, the Alaouites, was founded during 1664-1672. Later on, Sultan of Morocco, Moulay Ismail Ibn Sharif built the Imperial City of Meknes and reigned over the country until 1727, during this time Morocco was a strong, centralised country. During the 19th century, Morocco remained an independent country. However, the beginning of the 20th century saw the British German, French and Spanish forces competing with one another to dominate Morocco. In 1912, Marrakech was captured by the leader Ahmad Al-Hibah who was later defeated and driven-out by the French forces and became part of the French protectorate until 1956, which marked Morocco's independence. In 1999, Mohammed VI became king of Marrakech, pioneering economic and political changes, and Rabat later became the capital of modern Morocco as a way of compromise for the two rival cities of Fez and Marrakech.