Explore the Architecture of Timeless Brussels in Belgium

Experience the architectural tapestry of Brussels, Belgium’s vibrant capital and the de facto capital of the European Union. This beguiling city will dazzle you with the soaring spires of its Gothic cathedrals, the elegant curves of its Art Nouveau buildings and the sleek lines of its modernist structures. Brussels is a treasure trove for architecture enthusiasts who are just waiting to explore its iconic landmarks and hidden gems, as well as to learn more about the stories that shape the city’s architectural identity.

You can’t help but notice the breadth of Brussels’ Gothic architecture, which is epitomised by the magnificent Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula. This captivating place of worship dates from the 13th century and is known for its stunning stained-glass windows and intricate stone carvings. Marvel at its wonders on a guided tour between 8am and 6pm – the best time to visit is during spring and summer, when the sunlight filters through the glass and creates a kaleidoscope of colour inside the cathedral.

You can then take a short walk along Rue de la Montagne to the Grand Place, a vast market square flanked by flamboyant architectural gems like the Town Hall and the King’s House (Maison du Roi). This UNESCO World Heritage Site comes to life during August’s Flower Carpet event, when the square is adorned with vibrant floral displays.

St. Michael & St. Gudula Cathedral

• Esp. de la Sainte-Gudule, 1000 Bruxelles
• Open daily 8am-6pm

Brussels is equally famous for its Art Nouveau architecture, a style that flourished in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. One of the most celebrated architects of this movement was Victor Horta, a visionary whose masterpieces continue to draw admirers. He spent many years in Brussels designing townhouses for the upper classes. Four of these — the Hôtel Tassel, Hôtel Solvay, Hôtel van Eetvelde and Maison & Atelier Horta — are protected by UNESCO. The latter is the architect’s old 19th-century home and studio, which is now the Horta Museum in Saint-Gilles.

The Hôtel Tassel is another stunning example of Brussels’ Art Nouveau architecture, showcasing Horta’s signature use of organic forms and decorative motifs. If you are planning on admiring Horta’s work over a long weekend, the Art Deco-inspired ibis Brussels Centre Châtelain is only 10 minutes’ walk from the Hôtel Tassel.

Horta Museum

• Rue Américaine 27, 1060 Bruxelles
• Open Tuesday-Friday, 2pm-4.45pm; Saturday-Sunday 11am-4.45pm
• Adult tickets start from €14 per person

Brussels’ architectural tapestry also includes the Art Deco movement, which left a significant imprint on the cityscape in the shape of the Palais des Beaux-Arts (BOZAR). This cultural hub was also designed by Victor Horta, and hosts exhibitions, concerts and performances throughout the year. Looking for somewhere equally elegant to stay? Le Louise Hotel Brussels - MGallery Collection is just a short walk away.

Northwest of the city centre, the grand Koekelberg Basilica – the largest Art Deco building and the 14th-largest church in the world – is also waiting to be discovered. Open from 8am to 6pm every day in the spring and summer (it closes at 5pm from October to March), it can accommodate more than 3,500 people.

Lovers of Neoclassical architecture will appreciate the Palais Royal. Open to the public during the summer, the palace bursts with the grandeur of European royal residences. Stroll through the surrounding Parc de Bruxelles and experience a delightful blend of nature and Neoclassical design, then discover the Galeries Royales Saint-Hubert. This 19th-century neo-renaissance shopping arcade is served by the Gare Centrale. Nicknamed "The Umbrella", the arcade is lined with luxury retailers and chocolate shops.

BOZAR

• Rue Ravenstein 23, 1000 Bruxelles
• Open daily except Mondays, 10am-6pm
• Free to enter

While its ancient roots may hint at a city lost in time, Brussels embraces modernity with a flair that complements its historical masterpieces. The European Parliament Building was designed by architect Philippe Kottelat and is a striking example of contemporary architecture that harmonises with its historic surroundings. You can enjoy a guided tour of the building when Parliament is not in session, which gives visitors a unique insight into how this political body functions and the role it plays in wider European politics.

Science lovers, on the other hand, will appreciate the Atomium opposite Ossegempark to the north of the city centre. This iconic building represents an iron crystal magnified 165 billion times. Built for the 1958 Brussels World's Fair, it provides panoramic views of the city.

Atomium

• Pl. de l'Atomium 1, 1020 Bruxelles
• Open daily 10 am–6 pm
• Adult tickets €16, children up to 17 €8.50

Beyond its better-known landmarks, Brussels has several hidden gems worth seeking out. In the Cinq Avenues neighbourhood, you can discover lesser-known Art Nouveau buildings that offer a quieter yet equally captivating experience. Wandering the streets here feels like stepping back in time, its beautifully preserved façades a photographer’s dream. Equally impressive is the Parc du Cinquantenaire where stunning arches and gardens provide a picturesque backdrop for a quiet picnic or a moment of reflection. The Musée Royal de l'Armée (Royal Army Museum) in the park is also worth exploring.

Royal Army Museum

• Parc du Cinquantenaire 3, 1000 Bruxelles
• Open daily except Mondays, 9 am–5 pm
• Adult tickets €12, children €9

• The best times to visit are in late spring or early autumn, when the weather is pleasantly warm and there are fewer tourists.
• The city’s public transport system, with its trams and metro, makes getting around an absolute breeze, although many of the architectural wonders are within walking distance of the city centre.
• Most of the buildings and landmarks offer free admission, so they are accessible for travellers on a budget.
• Costing around €40, the Brussels Card provides free entry to 49 museums, dozens of attractions and unlimited access to public transport for 24 hours.

Brussels is a city where every building tells a story. The architecture reflects its rich history and cultural evolution, from the Gothic grandeur of its cathedrals to the charm of Art Nouveau and the sleek lines and glass facades of modern architecture. As you wander its streets, take the time to appreciate the creativity that has shaped the city centre – you’re bound to discover a hidden treasure or two whether you're staying in Brussels for a day, a weekend or even longer.